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Serum IL-18R1 and its effect on immune cell infiltration in asthma
Qingqin Tang1, Yanqiu Zhang2, Tong Zhou1,3
1Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
Objective:
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, affecting 5-10% of the global population. Despite its widespread impact, underdiagnosis remains a significant concern. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and its relationship to immune cell infiltration in asthma.
Methods:
We retrospectively collected clinical and laboratory data of all participants. The expression of serum IL-18R1 in patients with asthma and healthy controls was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The associations of IL-18R1 with clinical laboratory indicators and the diagnostic efficacy of IL-18R1 for asthma were assessed. Bioinformatic analysis was used to explore the biological function of IL-18R1 in asthma.
Results:
Peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE), eosinophils (EO) and serum IL-18R1 were significantly elevated in patients with asthma compared to heathy controls. Patients with high IL-18R1 also had increased blood lymphocytes. The expression of IL-18R1 was associated with diverse immune cell infiltration and inflammatory pathways. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed a positive relationship between IL-18R1 and asthma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the combination of IL-18R1 with WBC was 0.884, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.8% and 81.8%.
Conclusion:
Elevated expression of IL-18R1 is linked to the infiltration of various immune cells and the activation of inflammatory pathways. The combination of IL-18R1 and WBC may be a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy for asthma.
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