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Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

6.6K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

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Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

71.2K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Group Design02:01

Group Design

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Erratum to: Introduction to Mendelian randomization.

Shiu Lun Au Yeung1, Shan Luo1, Masao Iwagami2,3,4,5

  • 1School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

Annals of Clinical Epidemiology
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study corrects a previously published article DOI. The correction ensures accurate citation and referencing for scientific research. This is important for maintaining the integrity of scientific literature.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scientific Publishing
  • Scholarly Communication

Context:

  • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
  • DOI (Digital Object Identifier) systems ensure persistent identification of scholarly works.
  • Errors in DOIs can hinder access and proper attribution.

Purpose:

  • To correct an erroneous Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in a published article.
  • To ensure accurate referencing and discoverability of scientific literature.
  • To uphold the standards of scholarly communication.

Summary:

  • The article provides a correction to a previously assigned DOI.
  • This correction rectifies an error in the article's unique digital identifier.
  • The updated DOI ensures proper linking and retrieval of the research.

Impact:

  • Improves the accuracy of scientific records.
  • Facilitates correct citation and avoids misattribution.
  • Enhances the reliability of the academic publishing ecosystem.