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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Cochlear Synaptopathy in Full-Term Neonates: A Case-Control Study of NICU Hospitalization Impact.

Zeinab Hasanpour1, Malihah Mazaheryazdi1, Hassan Haddadzade Niri1

  • 1Present Address: Departeman of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization does not appear to increase the risk of cochlear synaptopathy, or hidden hearing loss, in full-term infants. Auditory brainstem response tests showed no significant differences in synaptic integrity between NICU and control groups.

Keywords:
Acoustic Reflex ThresholdAuditory Brainstem ResponseCochlear SynaptopathyNeonatal Intensive Care UnitNoise-induced Damage

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cochlear synaptopathy, or hidden hearing loss, is characterized by synaptic loss between inner hair cells and auditory nerve fibers.
  • While associated with aging and noise exposure in adults, its prevalence in neonates is not well understood.
  • This study investigates cochlear synaptopathy in full-term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) compared to healthy controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cochlear synaptopathy in full-term neonates hospitalized in the NICU versus healthy controls.
  • To evaluate synaptic integrity using auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I/V ratios as a biomarker for hidden hearing loss.
  • To determine if NICU hospitalization poses a risk for developing cochlear synaptopathy in neonates with normal hearing thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty full-term neonates were enrolled: 30 in the NICU and 30 healthy controls.
  • Inclusion criteria included gestational age ≥ 37 weeks, age < 1 month, and normal ABR thresholds (≤ 25 dB nHL).
  • Auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I and V amplitudes, I/V ratio, growth functions, acoustic reflex thresholds (ART), and rapid-rate ABR adaptation were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found between NICU and control neonates in ABR wave I/V amplitudes, I/V ratio, ART, or adaptation latencies.
  • Specific results for wave I amplitudes ranged from 0.05-0.15 µV (NICU) vs. 0.06-0.11 µV (controls), and wave V amplitudes from 0.12-0.21 µV (NICU) vs. 0.14-0.20 µV (controls).
  • The I/V ratio was 0.57-0.75 (NICU) vs. 0.54-0.67 (controls), ART was 80.35-73.14 dB HL (NICU) vs. 78.44-71.59 dB HL (controls), and adaptation latencies were 7.60 ms (NICU) vs. 7.56 ms (controls).

Conclusions:

  • NICU hospitalization in full-term neonates does not appear to significantly increase the risk of cochlear synaptopathy.
  • ABR wave I/V ratios, a biomarker for hidden hearing loss, did not show significant differences between groups.
  • These findings suggest that NICU stays, even with normal hearing thresholds, do not negatively impact neonatal cochlear synaptic integrity.