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Body Weight Variability and Risk of Suicide Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Jeongmin Lee1, Jin-Hyung Jung2, Dong Woo Kang3
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Depression and Anxiety
|April 14, 2025
Summary
Greater body weight variability (BWV) significantly increases suicide risk. This finding emphasizes BWV as a crucial factor in suicide prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Mental Health Research
Background:
- Suicide poses a significant global health challenge.
- Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for effective suicide prevention.
- Body weight variability (BWV) is an emerging factor linked to adverse health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between body weight variability (BWV) and suicide mortality risk.
- Utilize a large, nationally representative dataset to explore this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Population-based cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Database (1,983,701 subjects).
- Body weight variability (BWV) assessed using validated indices (VIM, ASV, CV) and categorized into quartiles.
- Suicide-related death identified as the primary endpoint over a median follow-up of 11.3 years.
Main Results:
- Higher BWV, particularly in the highest quartile (Q4) using VIM, was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide (aHR 1.35 [1.26-1.45]).
- This association remained significant even after adjusting for baseline body mass index (BMI) and was consistent across different variability indices.
- Subgroup analyses by sex, age, diabetes, and depression supported the main findings.
Conclusions:
- Body weight variability (BWV) is an independent risk factor for suicide mortality.
- Incorporating BWV assessment into health evaluations may aid in identifying individuals at higher risk.
- This research underscores the need to consider BWV in suicide prevention efforts.
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