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Decoding the Plastic Patch: Exploring the Global Microplastic Distribution in the Surface Layers of Marine Regions

Linjie Zhang1, Wenyue Wang1, Feng Wang1

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Summary

Marine microplastic (MP) pollution is widespread. Interpretable machine learning models reveal biogeochemical and anthropogenic factors drive MP distribution, with minimal ecological risk from 20-5000 μm particles.

Keywords:
influencing factorsinterpretable machine learningmarine regionmicroplasticsrisk assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Marine Biology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Marine environments face significant microplastic (MP) pollution challenges.
  • Comprehensive ocean surveys for MP assessment are logistically difficult and costly.
  • Machine learning (ML) offers a viable approach to model MP distribution and impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and interpret a predictive ML model for marine MP distribution.
  • To identify key factors influencing global MP pollution patterns.
  • To assess the ecological risk associated with specific MP size ranges.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four ML algorithms with MP data (20-5000 μm size range).
  • Incorporated biogeochemical, anthropogenic, atmospheric, and physical factors into the model.
  • Employed an interpretable ML framework for data preprocessing, prediction, and factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • Biogeochemical and anthropogenic factors were identified as major drivers of marine MP pollution.
  • Atmospheric and physical factors showed lesser influence on global MP distribution.
  • Predicted global marine MP concentrations ranged from 0.176 to 27.055 particles/m³.
  • Microplastics within the 20-5000 μm size range were found to pose no significant ecological risk.

Conclusions:

  • The interpretable ML framework provides a robust method for understanding and managing marine MP pollution.
  • Factor influence on MP distribution can be region-specific, requiring localized management strategies.
  • This study offers critical insights for policymakers and researchers involved in marine conservation and pollution control.