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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

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Genomics for antimicrobial resistance-progress and future directions.

Norelle L Sherry1,2,3, Jean Y H Lee4,5,6, Stefano G Giulieri4,5,7

  • 1Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. Pathogen genomics offers insights into AMR mechanisms and spread, improving control strategies through whole-genome sequencing and data sharing.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancegenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly concerning bacterial pathogens.
  • Pathogen genomics, including whole-genome sequencing, has advanced the understanding of AMR mechanisms and transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in genomic approaches for AMR research and surveillance.
  • To discuss the integration of genomics at the clinical and public health interface for actionable AMR control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current genomic technologies and their application in AMR surveillance.
  • Analysis of requirements for integrating genomic data into public health and clinical practice.
  • Discussion of data sharing principles (FAIR) and standardization (ISO).

Main Results:

  • Genomic surveillance provides deep insights into AMR emergence, evolution, and dissemination.
  • Effective AMR control requires timely, actionable data integrated across clinical and public health sectors.
  • Equitable access to genomic data and technology is crucial for global AMR efforts.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing genomics in AMR research and practice can significantly enhance global AMR control.
  • Robust, reproducible workflows are essential for maximizing the impact of pathogen genomics.
  • Addressing barriers to implementation is key for future applications of genomics in AMR.