Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Salvianolic Acid B in Ischemic Wound Healing: In Vivo and In Vitro Study

Ischemic wounds pose a challenge to conventional treatments due to insufficient blood and oxygen supply, exacerbating patient distress and often rendering traditional treatments ineffective. Thus, improving the healing rate of ischemic wounds remains a significant challenge requiring further research and solutions.

HaCaT and HUVEC were exposed to Sal-B under hypoxic conditions in vitro to assess proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Further, the mechanisms of action were investigated. In vivo, a mouse ischemic wound model was treated with Sal-B topically, with group comparisons including control (PBS), VEGF (100 ng/ml), and Sal-B (50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L) utilizing immunofluorescence and H&E staining.

Salvianolic acid B notably increased HaCaT and HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro and improved ischemic wound healing rates in vivo. It modulated crucial factors such as HIF-1α, TGF-β, MMP2, and bFGF.

This study indicates that salvianolic acid B promotes the healing of ischemic wounds under hypoxic conditions through multiple mechanisms. Specifically, salvianolic acid B effectively reduces the expression of HIF-1α while increasing the levels of TGF-β and bFGF, which are crucial for cell proliferation and new blood vessel formation during the wound healing process. Additionally, salvianolic acid B significantly enhances the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HaCaT and HUVEC, accelerating wound closure, validating its potential for clinical application and highlighting new treatment strategies.

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