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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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The Role of Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Carcinogenesis-From Molecular Mechanism to Therapeutic Perspectives.

Adriana Grigoraș1,2, Cornelia Amalinei1,2

  • 1Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

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Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) influences cancer progression by altering adipokine secretion and metabolic reprogramming. Targeting PRAT offers potential new avenues for cancer therapy, especially in obese patients.

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adipokinescancercancer therapymetastasisperirenal adipose tissuepredictive factorprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Oncology
  • Metabolic disease

Background:

  • Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) has unique features linked to thermogenesis.
  • Expanded PRAT is implicated in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease.
  • PRAT plays a significant role in supporting cancer progression and invasion, particularly in obese individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the impact of perirenal adipocytes on tumor progression and metastasis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which PRAT influences cancer, including adipokine dysregulation and metabolic reprogramming.
  • To highlight the potential of modulating PRAT for improved oncologic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating PRAT and cancer.
  • Analysis of adipokine and cytokine secretion by PRAT.
  • Examination of metabolic reprogramming in perirenal adipocytes induced by cancer cells.
  • Investigation of PRAT browning in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Main Results:

  • PRAT dysregulates adipokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (e.g., leptin, adiponectin), modulated by tumor cells.
  • Cancer cells induce metabolic reprogramming of perirenal adipocytes, increasing lipid and lactate transfer to the tumor microenvironment.
  • PRAT browning, characterized by specific marker expression, is observed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Conclusions:

  • PRAT significantly influences cancer progression and metastasis through complex molecular and metabolic interactions.
  • Understanding PRAT's role in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Targeting PRAT offers a promising strategy for improving oncologic treatment outcomes, especially in associated metabolic conditions.