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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

7.6K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Updated: May 1, 2026

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Projected Lifetime Cancer Risks From Current Computed Tomography Imaging.

Rebecca Smith-Bindman1,2,3, Philip W Chu1, Hana Azman Firdaus1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco.

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Computed tomography (CT) scans in 2023 are projected to cause over 100,000 future cancers. This risk highlights the need to optimize radiation doses in CT imaging to minimize long-term health consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans are widely used, with 93 million performed annually in the US.
  • Ionizing radiation from CT is a known carcinogen, posing potential long-term health risks.
  • Estimating future cancer incidence from CT radiation is crucial for public health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To project the number of future lifetime cancers in the US population attributable to CT imaging performed in 2023.
  • To quantify the cancer burden associated with varying patient demographics and CT examination types.

Main Methods:

  • A risk model was developed using data from the UCSF International CT Dose Registry (2018-2020).
  • CT examination data and organ-specific doses were analyzed by age, sex, and CT category.
  • Data were scaled to the US population using national survey data and National Cancer Institute software based on BEIR VII models.

Main Results:

  • CT examinations in 2023 are projected to cause approximately 103,000 future cancers.
  • Cancer risks were higher in children, but adults accounted for the majority of projected cancers due to higher utilization.
  • Lung, colon, leukemia, and bladder cancers were the most common projected outcomes; breast cancer was significant in females.

Conclusions:

  • CT imaging in 2023 is associated with a substantial projected burden of future cancers.
  • If current practices continue, CT-associated cancers could represent 5% of all new cancer diagnoses annually.
  • Optimizing CT utilization and radiation doses is essential to mitigate future cancer risks.