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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Pleiotropy increases parallel selection signatures during adaptation from standing genetic variation.

Wei-Yun Lai1,2, Sheng-Kai Hsu1,2, Andreas Futschik3

  • 1Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Elife
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pleiotropy, a gene

Keywords:
D. simulansPleiotropyevolutionary biologyexperimental evolutiongene expressionparallel evolutionpolygenic adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Parallel evolution describes similar genetic and phenotypic changes in replicated populations.
  • Understanding the drivers of parallel evolution, particularly from standing genetic variation, is crucial.
  • Pleiotropy, where a single gene affects multiple traits, is theoretically proposed to influence parallel evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of pleiotropy in parallel gene expression evolution from standing genetic variation.
  • To characterize the interplay between parallelism, polymorphism, and pleiotropy.
  • To distinguish causal and correlational effects of pleiotropy on parallel evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Studied parallel gene expression evolution in 10 replicated populations of *Drosophila simulans* adapting to a new temperature.
  • Analyzed correlations between gene expression parallelism, ancestral variation, and pleiotropic effects.
  • Employed causal analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect contributions of pleiotropy.

Main Results:

  • Parallel gene expression evolution positively correlated with pleiotropic effect strength.
  • Ancestral gene expression variation negatively correlated with parallelism.
  • Pleiotropy negatively correlated with gene expression variation.

Conclusions:

  • Both direct and indirect effects of pleiotropy contribute to parallel evolution.
  • Indirect effects are mediated by selective constraints reducing standing variation in pleiotropic genes.
  • Direct effects likely stem from genetic correlations among adaptive traits, promoting synergistic selection and higher parallelism.