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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Ergonomics

    Background:

    • Shoulder exoskeletons offer assistance for overhead tasks.
    • Their effect on muscle synergy, a key aspect of motor control, is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how muscle synergies are affected during exoskeleton-assisted overhead work.
    • To understand the underlying mechanisms of exoskeleton use in occupational settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Eight participants performed a screwing task with and without a shoulder exoskeleton.
    • Electromyography of eight muscles was used to extract muscle synergies via non-negative matrix factorization.

    Main Results:

    • The number of muscle synergies (n=2) remained constant, with the primary synergy unchanged.
    • Exoskeleton use significantly decreased muscle activation levels and duration, while increasing activation uniformity.
    • Muscle synergy sparseness was not affected by exoskeleton use.

    Conclusions:

    • Shoulder exoskeletons do not alter the fundamental muscle synergies for overhead tasks.
    • Exoskeletons effectively reduce muscle exertion and may enhance activation patterns, offering insights for improved device design and application.