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Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of rare and emerging yeast species causing

Ahmad Jabrodini1,2, Esmaeel Eghtedarnejad1, Amirmahdi Ghanbarzadeh1

  • 1Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

BMC Research Notes
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Rare yeasts are increasingly causing onychomycosis, a challenging nail infection. This study identified seven rare yeast species and found most showed high fluconazole resistance, impacting treatment options for nail fungal infections.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis (nail infection) is rising, with more cases caused by rare fungi.
  • Identifying these rare fungi and their antifungal resistance is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Unusual yeast species may display distinct antifungal susceptibility compared to common ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify rare yeast species responsible for onychomycosis.
  • To determine the antifungal susceptibility profiles of these identified rare yeasts.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of nineteen rare and emerging yeast strains from onychomycosis cases.
  • Seven distinct yeast species were identified, including Candida orthopsilosis and Clavispora lusitaniae.
  • Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed, focusing on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen rare yeast isolates from seven species were identified: Candida orthopsilosis (47.36%), Clavispora lusitaniae (10.52%), Wickerhamiella pararugosa (10.52%), Naganishia diffluens (10.52%), Wickerhamomyces anomalus (10.52%), Cyberlindnera fabianii (5.26%), and Meyerozyma caribbica (5.26%).
  • The majority of these rare yeast isolates demonstrated high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for fluconazole.
  • This suggests potential resistance to a common antifungal medication.

Conclusions:

  • Rare yeast species are significant agents of onychomycosis.
  • Fluconazole resistance is a concern among these emerging fungal pathogens.
  • Further research into effective treatments for onychomycosis caused by rare yeasts is warranted.
Keywords:
CandidaNaganishiaWickerhamomycesAntifungal susceptibilityOnychomycosisRare yeast

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