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Related Concept Videos

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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CDK4/6 inhibitor-associated vortex keratopathy: a case report.

Lian Shu1, Xinhan Cui1, Yan Wang1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.

BMC Ophthalmology
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, used for breast cancer, can cause rare vortex keratopathy. This case highlights the corneal findings and emphasizes monitoring for ocular side effects in patients on these novel anticancer drugs.

Keywords:
CDK4/6 inhibitorCorneal confocal microscopyCorneal verticillateVortex keratopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are a class of novel anticancer drugs.
  • These inhibitors function by arresting the cell cycle and halting cancer progression.
  • This study focuses on a rare instance of vortex keratopathy linked to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy for breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a rare case of vortex keratopathy.
  • To describe the ocular characteristics and corneal confocal microscopy findings.
  • To enhance understanding of drug-induced vortex keratopathy mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 60-year-old female patient with a history of metastatic breast cancer.
  • Patient presented with a one-year history of eye irritation.
  • Diagnosis involved slit-lamp examination, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and corneal confocal microscopy.
  • Treatment included tiremciclib (a CDK4/6 inhibitor) and fulvestrant.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with vortex keratopathy.
  • Corneal confocal microscopy revealed characteristic findings.
  • Ocular symptoms showed slight improvement with artificial lubricating eye drops.

Conclusions:

  • This case illustrates the ocular manifestations of CDK4/6 inhibitor-related vortex keratopathy.
  • Novel findings from corneal confocal microscopy are presented.
  • The study increases awareness of potential ocular side effects associated with novel anticancer drugs.