Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2025

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
Published on: October 13, 2017
A Tri-Directional Examination of Parental Personality, Parenting, and Context on Adolescent Behaviors: A Replication
Bojana M Dinić1, Lauren M Ferguson2, Kostas A Papageorgiou2,3
1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Introduction:
The aim of this study was to replicate the Tri-Directional Framework of Parent and Offspring Traits and Outcomes (TDF-POTO) in the new ground of the more traditional cultural context of Serbia. We tested the effects of: (a) parental dark traits on self-reported and adolescent-reported parenting, including the moderating role of harsh contextual characteristics (low socioeconomic status and high parental adverse childhood experiences); (b) parental dark traits and parenting on adolescent behavioral outcomes.
Methods:
The sample included 239 parent-adolescent dyads from Serbia (68.6% mothers; 61.1% daughters; all White) with average age of 44.68 years for parents and 14.11 years for adolescents. The study was conducted in 2024 and it was cross-sectional with surveys administered to both parents and adolescents.
Results:
Parental dark traits were associated with hostile, cold parenting, except for grandiose narcissism which showed a negative association with parental control. Harsh contextual characteristics moderated relationships between vulnerable narcissism and parental hostility. Only parental Machiavellianism showed significant effects on adolescent-reported parenting and behavioral outcomes. Among parenting dimensions, parental hostility showed positive associations with adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors and negative with prosocial behaviors, whereas parental control was negatively associated with externalizing behaviors. Surprisingly, self-reported parental warmth was positively associated with adolescent internalizing behaviors.
Conclusions:
Results support the TDF-POTO in Serbian culture but highlight some culturally specific effects of harsh contexts and associations between parenting and adolescent behavioral outcomes.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

