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Ground-collected fecal samples offer a low-impact method to study avian gut microbiota. This approach reveals how bird traits and environmental factors influence bacterial communities in wetland birds.

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Area of Science:

  • Avian ecology and wildlife health
  • Microbiome research
  • Environmental science and conservation

Background:

  • Wetland ecosystems are crucial for avian populations but face degradation.
  • Bird health is intrinsically linked to their intestinal microbiota, influenced by diet and local conditions.
  • Previous research identified dietary variations in marsh birds within a French Ramsar site.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of noninvasively collected fecal samples for characterizing avian intestinal microbiota.
  • To investigate the influence of bird traits and environmental factors on fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding.
  • To explore the relationship between bird gut microbiota and their wetland habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 52 fecal samples from nine bird species during the breeding season at seven rural and peri-urban locations.
  • Utilized 16S rRNA metabarcoding to analyze bacterial composition in fecal samples.
  • Applied multivariate analyses to associate microbiota variations with bird traits (trophic guild, ecology, body length) and environmental factors (habitat location, pond surface).

Main Results:

  • Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, with genus abundance varying by species.
  • The potential enteropathogen *Campylobacter* was more prevalent in peri-urban samples.
  • Significant variations in microbiota were linked to bird ecology, body length, pond surface, and habitat location, with a weak host phylogeny correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Opportunistically collected fecal samples are a viable, low-impact tool for studying avian gut microbiota.
  • Fecal microbiota composition reflects ecological factors and bird traits in wetland environments.
  • This method aids in understanding the interplay between bird health, microbiota, and habitat quality.