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Validating an updated protocol for the novel object recognition task in young pigs.

Rebecca K Golden1, Ryan N Dilger1,2,3

  • 1Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|April 15, 2025
PubMed
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This study validated the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm in young pigs, finding one test day sufficient for reliable cognitive assessment. Modifications improved the NOR assay

Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior and cognition
  • Neuroscience and behavioral science
  • Animal welfare and enrichment

Background:

  • The novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm is a widely used behavioral assay to assess cognitive function.
  • Previous implementations of the NOR paradigm in pigs have faced challenges with high throughput and variability.
  • Understanding cognitive processes in pigs is crucial for improving animal welfare and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate and refine the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm for use with young pigs.
  • To investigate the impact of confounding factors, such as testing duration and sex differences, on NOR performance.
  • To enhance the sensitivity and reliability of the NOR assay in pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with young pigs to test modifications to the original NOR paradigm.
Keywords:
behaviornovelty preferenceobject recognitionparadigm designyoung pigs

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  • Experiment 1 assessed the effect of additional testing days on recognition index (RI).
  • Experiment 2 examined sex differences and the impact of home-cage enrichment on NOR outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • One testing day was sufficient to yield significant recognition index (RI) values differing from chance (p < 0.05).
    • Pigs showed potential habituation to the NOR task after the first day, with no significant differences from chance on subsequent days.
    • Sex differences in investigative behaviors were observed, though both sexes performed above chance.
    • Home-cage enrichment did not show a discernible impact on NOR performance.

    Conclusions:

    • The refined NOR paradigm provides a more sensitive and reliable measure of cognitive function in young pigs.
    • Reducing testing days and controlling for confounding factors improves the assay's efficiency and validity.
    • The validated NOR paradigm can be a valuable tool for cognitive research in pigs, contributing to welfare and management advancements.