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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

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Oncological and Functional Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Surgery for Mid and Low Rectal Adenocarcinoma: A Review.

Antonio Costanzo1, Lorenzo Vescovi1, Valentina Rampulla2

  • 1General and Emergency Surgery, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Bergamo Est, Seriate, ITA.

Cureus
|April 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Minimally invasive surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma shows favorable oncological and functional results. Robotic advancements offer improved outcomes due to reduced trauma and enhanced nerve visualization.

Keywords:
functional outcomesmesorectumminimally invasive surgeryoncological outcomesrectal adenocarcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including laparoscopic and robotic approaches, is increasingly utilized for rectal adenocarcinoma.
  • Assessing oncological and functional outcomes is crucial for patient management and surgical technique refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze oncological and functional outcomes following minimally invasive surgery for mid and low rectal adenocarcinoma.
  • To evaluate short-term oncological results (surgical sample quality) and long-term outcomes (survival, recurrence).
  • To assess functional recovery, including urinary, sexual, and bowel function.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of studies published between January 2019 and December 2024.
  • Analysis of oncological parameters: complete mesorectum, circumferential resection margin, distal resection margin, local recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival.
  • Evaluation of functional outcomes: urinary, sexual, and bowel disorders.

Main Results:

  • High rates for complete mesorectum (67.7%-92.8%) and free resection margins (94%-100%) were reported.
  • Favorable long-term oncological outcomes include local recurrence rates of 2.3%-7.3%, overall survival of 80%-95.6%, and disease-free survival of 70%-86.4%.
  • Functional disorders observed: urinary (25%-26.5%), sexual (35%-80%), and bowel (17%-44.6%).

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma provides favorable oncological and functional outcomes.
  • Robotic surgery's evolution promises further benefits in rectal cancer treatment through reduced trauma and improved nerve visualization.
  • MIS represents a safe and effective approach for managing rectal adenocarcinoma, with ongoing advancements enhancing patient recovery and oncological control.