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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Predictive Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Atypical Iterative Prior Updating Account.

Zhuanghua Shi1, Fredrik Allenmark1, Laura A Theisinger2

  • 1Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
|April 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show distinct predictive processing dynamics, relying more on sensory input for updating beliefs. This leads to initial underweighting of prior knowledge but adaptation over time, clarifying differences with typically developing (TD) individuals.

Keywords:
AutismBayesian modelingIterative updatingPerceptionPrior belief

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Contested nature of predictive processing differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus typically developing (TD) individuals.
  • Some studies suggest impaired predictive processing in ASD, while others indicate atypical learning dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate updating dynamics of prior beliefs and sensory estimates in ASD and TD individuals.
  • Examine how volatility affects predictive processing using duration reproduction tasks.
  • Analyze Bayesian model-based updating of prior beliefs and perceptual estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Duration reproduction tasks under high- and low-volatility conditions.
  • Two-state Bayesian modeling to analyze belief and estimate updating.
  • Comparison of ASD (n=32) and TD (n=32) participants' behavioral data.

Main Results:

  • ASD individuals integrated prior knowledge similarly for perceptual estimates.
  • ASD participants relied more heavily on sensory input for updating prior beliefs, perceiving less interconnectedness.
  • ASD showed initial underweighting of priors, adapting over time to TD-like integration weights.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive processing in ASD is characterized by distinct updating dynamics, not impaired prior utilization.
  • Greater reliance on sensory input during prior updating influences adaptation speed and intertrial dynamics in ASD.
  • Findings clarify literature inconsistencies and highlight interactive updating in ASD vs. TD predictive processing.