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Lipid Nanoparticles: Formulation, Production Methods and Characterization Protocols.

Fernanda L Lüdtke1,2, Thaís Jordânia Silva3, Mayanny Gomes da Silva4

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Summary

Lipid nanoparticles (LNs) effectively deliver lipid-soluble compounds. This review details lipid matrices, emulsifiers, and production methods for stable, high-efficiency LNs, particularly for food applications.

Keywords:
bioaccessibilitybioactive compoundslipid crystallizationnanostructured lipid carriersphysical stabilitysolid lipid nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Lipid nanoparticles (LNs) are advanced delivery systems for lipid-soluble bioactive compounds.
  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) show promise for bioactive compound encapsulation.
  • Optimal selection of lipid matrices and emulsifiers is critical for LN efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical, physical, and structural characteristics of lipids used in LN production over the last 15 years.
  • To analyze LN production methods and characterization techniques.
  • To identify critical factors for producing stable LNs with high encapsulation and delivery efficiency for food systems.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published in the last 15 years.
  • Analysis of lipid matrices, emulsifiers, and bioactive compounds in LN formulations.
  • Discussion of key characterization techniques including particle size, zeta potential, crystallinity, thermal behavior, morphology, entrapment efficiency, load capacity, and physical stability.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of lipid properties relevant to LN formulation.
  • In-depth analysis of various LN production techniques.
  • Discussion of critical parameters influencing LN stability and performance.

Conclusions:

  • Careful selection of lipid matrices and emulsifiers is essential for successful LN development.
  • Understanding production methods and characterization is key to optimizing LN performance.
  • Stable LNs with efficient bioactive compound delivery have significant potential in food applications.