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Updated: May 2, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Published on: June 9, 2018

Exploring cellular changes in ruptured human quadriceps tendons at single-cell resolution.

Jolet Y Mimpen^1,2, Mathew J Baldwin¹, Claudia Paul¹

¹The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

The Journal of Physiology

|April 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early cellular changes in ruptured quadriceps tendons reveal fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells as key players in the acute injury response. Understanding these cells is crucial for developing new tendon healing therapies.

Keywords:

cellular response endothelial cells fibroblasts single nucleus RNA sequencing tendon injury tendon repair transcriptomics

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Published on: March 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Orthopedics

Background:

Human tendon ruptures are often studied in the chronic phase, with limited research on the early response to acute injuries.
Quadriceps tendon ruptures require immediate surgical intervention, making them a valuable model for investigating early injury mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore and characterize the early cellular and molecular changes in ruptured human quadriceps tendons compared to healthy tendons.
To identify key cell types and pathways involved in the initial stages of acute tendon rupture.

Main Methods:

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was performed on quadriceps tendon samples from healthy individuals and those 7-8 days post-rupture.
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis was conducted to profile gene expression and identify cell types and states.

Main Results:

Transcriptomic analysis of 12,808 nuclei revealed 12 major cell types, with significant gene expression changes in fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), mural cells, and macrophages.
Ruptured tendons showed increased expression of extracellular matrix organization and cell cycle genes, and decreased lipid metabolism genes.
Fibroblasts adopted an activated phenotype, VECs increased in proportion and showed signs of division, and macrophages shifted from homeostatic to activated states.

Conclusions:

Fibroblasts and endothelial cells are identified as primary orchestrators of the early cellular response in acute quadriceps tendon ruptures.
The observed cellular shifts and altered gene expression pathways provide insights into the early stages of tendon healing.
Targeting fibroblasts and endothelial cells may offer promising therapeutic strategies for enhancing tendon repair and recovery.