Uveitis in child treated for acute myeloblastic leukemia: Do not overlook poststreptococcal inflammation

IntroductionPoststreptococcal uveitis is among the immune complications following strep infections.Case descriptionA patient treated for acute myeloblastic leukemia presented with febrile neutropenia 22 days after consolidation chemotherapy including cytarabine. Diagnosed with Streptococcus mitis bacteremia, she subsequently presented with uveitis in her right eye, linked to the previous infection through positive anti-streptolysin O and negative microbiological test results. Topical treatment resulted in complete recovery.ConclusionThis unprecedented presentation of post-S. mitis uveitis reveals the potential for misdiagnosis of ocular manifestations after cytarabine treatment. Furthermore, neutropenia and profound lymphopenia should not prevent both the ophthalmologist and the hematologist from considering poststreptococcal immune complications.