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Updated: May 8, 2025

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Computational similarities between social and nonsocial processing in cognitive control.

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Face orientation does not affect cognitive control in a Stroop task, but gaze judgments show stronger effects than arrow judgments. The shrinking spotlight model best explains these holistic processing findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Upright faces are processed more holistically than inverted faces.
  • Limited evidence exists on how face orientation impacts holistic processing in conflict tasks, particularly in arrow and gaze processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of face orientation on holistic processing within a novel arrow-gaze Stroop task.
  • To compare cognitive control mechanisms in arrow and gaze judgments using computational models.

Main Methods:

  • Devised a novel arrow-gaze Stroop task incorporating both arrow and gaze judgments.
  • Employed hierarchical Bayesian estimation to evaluate three conflict drift-diffusion models: diffusion model for conflict tasks, dual-stage two-phase model, and shrinking spotlight model (SSP).
  • Utilized representational similarity analysis of SSP model parameters.

Main Results:

  • Face orientation did not influence the congruency effect in the Stroop task.
  • The congruency effect was significantly stronger for gaze judgments compared to arrow judgments.
  • The shrinking spotlight model (SSP) provided a better fit than the other models for conflict tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Feature-based processing and conflict factors explain consistent congruency effects across face orientations, with processing speed influencing performance.
  • Shared and distinct attentional mechanisms operate in gaze and arrow processing.
  • Findings illuminate shared computational mechanisms in social and nonsocial cognitive control.