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How to design an fMRI-compatible driving simulator: A systematic review
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani1, Melika Ahmadi Bonabi2, Mahshad Narimani2
1Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Traffic Injury Prevention
|April 15, 2025
Summary
Designing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible driving simulators requires careful consideration of simulator components and environmental factors. This review outlines key features for effective fMRI driving simulation research.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Engineering
- Human Factors
Background:
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows non-invasive brain activity measurement.
- Driving simulators are crucial tools for studying driving behavior and cognitive processes.
- Integrating driving simulators with fMRI presents unique design challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify key considerations for designing fMRI-compatible driving simulators.
- To synthesize findings from original research articles utilizing fMRI driving simulators.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across Scopus, PubMed, and Embase up to November 2024.
- Inclusion of original articles featuring simulators with wheel, pedal, or joystick under an fMRI scanner.
- Appraisal of study bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk of bias tool.
Main Results:
- 22 articles were included, predominantly from the United States.
- Studies involved 476 participants (56% male, mean age 26.6 years).
- Seventeen studies used pedals (11 with gas and brake), four used joysticks; common simulated environments included 2-lane roads with distractions.
Conclusions:
- Key features of fMRI-compatible driving simulators are discussed.
- Future research should explore pedal variations, environmental conditions, and hand dominance effects.
- Optimizing simulator design is crucial for advancing neuroimaging research in driving.
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