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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology: potential implications in assisted reproduction.

Gizem Nur Sahin1, Emre Seli

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|April 15, 2025
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated (CRISPR) gene editing offers precise genome modification for reproductive biology research. While promising for treating infertility and genetic disorders, clinical use faces ethical and safety hurdles.

Keywords:
CRISPRCas9gene editing

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool enabling targeted DNA modifications.
  • Advancements include Cas9 nickase and dCas9 for enhanced specificity and novel applications.
  • CRISPR technology is rapidly evolving with significant implications for biomedical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review mechanisms, advancements, and implications of CRISPR-Cas gene editing.
  • Focus on applications in reproductive biology and assisted reproduction.
  • Explore benefits and challenges of integrating CRISPR into clinical and research settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-Cas9 mechanisms, including nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR).
  • Discussion of innovations like Cas9 nickase and dCas9 systems.
  • Analysis of CRISPR applications in reproductive research and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 facilitates precise genome editing through NHEJ and HDR pathways.
  • Innovations have expanded applications to gene activation, repression, and epigenetic modifications.
  • CRISPR has advanced studies on fertility genes, corrected mutations in animal models, and shown potential for human infertility and hereditary disorders.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized genetic engineering with precise genome modification capabilities.
  • In reproductive biology, CRISPR aids in understanding fertility, correcting mutations, and developing therapies.
  • Clinical applications in human reproduction face ethical/safety challenges, but ongoing innovations promise broader biomedical use.