Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the mechanisms of lung injury induced by galt gene editing in mouse

Galactosemia, caused by mutations in the GALT gene, leads to multi-organ damage. This study investigates the impact of Galt c.847 + 1G > T mutation on lung tissue using single-cell transcriptomics. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a Galt gene-edited mouse model with the Galt c. 847 + 1G > T mutation and assessed Galt expression through PCR and Western blotting. Histopathological analysis revealed significant structural lung changes, including alveolar congestion and inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated a marked reduction in immune cells (NK, T, macrophages, B cells) and an increase in alveolar type II cells, vascular endothelial cells, and myofibroblasts in the GAL mouse. The increased abundance of alveolar type II cells indicated impaired differentiation and repair. Metabolic analysis revealed significant abnormalities linked to Galt c.847 + 1G > T mutation, with disruptions in TGF-β1, FGF, and Mif pathways contributing to cellular dysfunction and exacerbated lung injury. This model provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of lung injury in galactosemia, highlighting significant alterations in lung cell populations and key signaling pathways.