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[Feline infectious peritonitis - a current overview].

Katharina Zwicklbauer¹, Michèle Bergmann¹, Martin Alberer²

¹Kleintierklinik, LMU München.

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

|April 15, 2025

Summary

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal immune-mediated disease in cats caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). New antiviral treatments offer a high survival chance, and a novel FCoV variant is transmissible between cats.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is common in cats, usually causing asymptomatic infection.
Mutations in FCoV can lead to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a previously fatal immune-mediated disease.
FIP involves a tropism shift of FCoV to monocytes and macrophages, causing vasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of current knowledge on feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).
To discuss recent advancements in understanding FIP pathology, clinical signs, and treatment.
To highlight new FCoV variants and their implications.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on FCoV and FIP.
Analysis of studies on antiviral drug efficacy in cats.
Examination of research on novel FCoV variants and transmission.

Main Results:

Antiviral drugs like GS-441524 show high efficacy against FIP, improving survival rates.
A new FCoV variant (FCoV-23) identified in Cyprus is directly transmissible between cats.
FIP is increasingly associated with myocarditis in affected cats.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in treating FIP, offering hope for affected cats.
Emerging FCoV variants pose new challenges for disease control.
Further research is needed to understand FIP-associated myocarditis and develop preventive strategies.