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A New Method for Volumetric Analysis of Soft-Tissue Changes Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Patients With

Aleksandar Pupovac1, Davor Kuiš1,2,3, Ivana Mišković2

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|April 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) reduced soft-tissue volume in periodontitis patients. A new digital method confirmed comparable volume changes in smokers and non-smokers, with initial deep pockets predicting outcomes.

Keywords:
3D imaginggingivanon‐surgical periodontal debridementperiodontitissmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Digital Dentistry
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Standard periodontal assessments struggle to quantify soft-tissue volume changes.
  • Periodontitis treatment outcomes require precise volumetric measurements for accurate evaluation.
  • Smoking is a known risk factor influencing periodontal disease progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To digitally quantify soft-tissue volume changes following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in periodontitis patients.
  • To correlate these volumetric changes with clinical parameters and smoking status.
  • To evaluate a novel digital approach for assessing periodontal soft-tissue alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-nine periodontitis patients (49% smokers) underwent clinical examination and intraoral scanning at baseline and 8 weeks post-NSPT.
  • Digital models were superimposed to analyze and quantify soft-tissue volume changes.
  • Volumetric data were correlated with clinical parameters, including pocket depth and plaque scores.

Main Results:

  • NSPT significantly reduced soft-tissue volume in all patients (p < 0.001).
  • Non-smokers showed a trend towards greater volume reduction than smokers (267.4 vs. 210.5 mm³).
  • Initial pocket depth ≥ 5 mm was the sole significant predictor of volume change in regression analysis (p = 0.015).

Conclusions:

  • NSPT leads to comparable soft-tissue volume reductions in both smokers and non-smokers.
  • A new digital scanning method accurately confirms these volumetric changes.
  • Initial periodontal pocket depth is a key factor influencing treatment-induced soft-tissue volume reduction.