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Related Experiment Video

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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Autoimmune encephalitis with autoimmune myocarditis.

Anuraag Gattu¹, Chirag Sunil Lalwani², Sudheeran Kannoth³

¹Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India.

BMJ Case Reports

|April 15, 2025

Summary

This study highlights a rare case of autoimmune encephalitis and myocarditis in an elderly man. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin improved both neurological and cardiac symptoms, suggesting a link.

Keywords:

Autoimmunity Immunology Neurology

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Cardiology
Immunology

Background:

Autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune myocarditis are distinct conditions.
Concurrent presentation is rare, posing diagnostic challenges.
The case involves an elderly male with pre-existing comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

To report an uncommon case of co-occurring autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune myocarditis.
To investigate the potential association between these conditions.
To evaluate treatment response in such a complex presentation.

Main Methods:

Clinical presentation and history review.
Neuroimaging (MRI brain) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Systemic evaluation including Whole-body PET-CT and echocardiography.
Serological testing for specific antibodies (acetylcholine receptor).
Therapeutic intervention with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Main Results:

Patient presented with altered mental status, neurological deficits, and cardiac dysfunction.
Initial investigations for infection were negative for improvement.
Positive acetylcholine receptor antibody confirmed autoimmune etiology.
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy led to significant improvement in both sensorium and cardiac function.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune myocarditis can co-occur.
Acetylcholine receptor antibodies may play a role in both neurological and cardiac manifestations.
Intravenous immunoglobulin is a potential therapeutic option for this rare combined condition.