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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.0K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Dogs' olfactory resting-state functional connectivity is modulated by age and brain shape.

Asami Nakaimuki1,2,3, Bernadett Paska4, Laura V Cuaya4,5

  • 1Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. av3acsca0amrioi@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
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Summary

Older dogs and those with rounder brains have weaker olfactory functional connectivity. This study explored how canine olfaction is affected by age and brain shape, revealing potential impacts on scent performance.

Keywords:
DogFunctional connectivityIndividual differencesOlfactionResting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Comparative Olfaction

Background:

  • Canine olfaction is widely utilized, but its functional brain networks are not well understood.
  • Previous research mapped olfactory brain regions anatomically, leaving functional connectivity unexplored.
  • Individual factors like age, sex, and brain shape influence olfactory performance, but their link to functional networks is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resting-state functional connectivities within dogs' olfactory brain regions.
  • To determine the impact of age, sex, and brain shape on the canine olfactory functional network.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional connectivity analysis in dogs.
  • Examined correlations between olfactory functional connectivity and factors including age, sex, and brain shape.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory functional connectivity strength negatively correlated with age.
  • A negative correlation was observed between olfactory functional connectivity and rounder brain shapes.
  • No significant effect of sex on olfactory functional connectivity was found.

Conclusions:

  • Aging and brain morphology negatively impact a dog's sense of smell.
  • Older dogs and dogs with rounder brains may exhibit diminished olfactory performance.
  • Functional connectivity provides insights into the neural basis of canine olfaction.