Expression, Prognosis, and Functional Analysis: KDM5B in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (Non-M3)

To investigate the value of Lysine Demethylase 5B (KDM5B) in the prognosis and immunity of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).

A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, from 2013 to 2024.

Bioinformatic methods were used to compare the expression of KDM5B between 135 individuals with AML and 70 individuals without AML in the TCGA database. In order to confirm the findings, bone marrow specimens underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis by the Mann-Whitney U test. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to explore the interplay among KDM5B expression levels, clinical profiles, and the overall survival prognosis in AML patients. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of KDM5B in AML pathogenesis was delved into utilising GSEA. To assess the impact of KDM5B expression on the immune landscape within tumours, the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT computational methodologies were employed to evaluate its role in tumour immune infiltration.

KDM5B expression was notably increased in AML patients and linked to a poor prognosis. KDM5B expression was correlated with NPM1 mutation in bone marrow samples. Additionally, high KDM5B expression was a poor prognostic factor for overall survival. GSEA showed that high KDM5B expression was related to the immune system. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed a correlation between elevated KDM5B expression and decreased stromal and immune scores, accompanied by altered infiltration patterns of diverse immune cell types. Furthermore, immune checkpoint markers were correlated with low KDM5B expression.

KDM5B is highly expressed in AML and correlates with poor prognosis. KDM5B may be involved in AML by affecting the tumour micro-environment, thus being a potential biological target in AML.

KDM5B, Acute myeloid leukaemia, Immune infiltration, Prognostic factor.