Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

2.9K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
2.9K
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

2.7K
Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
2.7K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

6.7K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.7K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

T cell-specific loss of IRF1 results in defective CD8 T cell activation and antitumor immunity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Harmonizing Maternal and Infant Biospecimen Collection and Processing for Research.

Biopreservation and biobanking·2026
Same author

The Epigenetic Factor PHF13 Governs Trophoblast Stemness and Differentiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Small-molecule CBLB inhibitor abolishes EGFR ubiquitination, reduces receptor endocytosis, and diminishes cell motility signaling.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

<i>Tex11</i> Mutant Mouse Models of Human Azoospermia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

H<sub>2</sub>S-Mediated Persulfidation of the Classical Zinc Finger Protein Yin-Yang 1.

Biochemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

2.3K

The Chromosome 19 miRNA Cluster Guards Trophoblasts Against Overacting Innate Immunity.

Jean-Francois Mouillet, Yingshi Ouyang, Elena Sadovsky

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |April 16, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Small RNA products from the Chromosome 19 MicroRNA Cluster (C19MC) normally prevent excessive immune responses in placental cells. Silencing C19MC microRNAs unexpectedly activated innate immunity, revealing a new immune regulation pathway.

    More Related Videos

    A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
    11:44

    A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

    Published on: September 27, 2017

    11.3K
    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
    07:51

    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    Published on: May 21, 2015

    17.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 13, 2025

    CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
    10:40

    CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

    Published on: April 25, 2022

    2.3K
    A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
    11:44

    A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

    Published on: September 27, 2017

    11.3K
    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
    07:51

    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    Published on: May 21, 2015

    17.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive biology
    • Immunology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The human placenta balances fetal protection from pathogens with immune suppression to prevent autoimmune disorders.
    • Small RNAs from the Chromosome 19 MicroRNA Cluster (C19MC) are known to confer viral resistance in non-trophoblastic cells.
    • The function of C19MC products in placental trophoblasts was previously unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of C19MC products in regulating immune responses within placental trophoblasts.
    • To identify regulatory mechanisms controlling C19MC expression in the placenta.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of chromatin accessibility in the C19MC enhancer region.
    • Targeted deletion of a newly identified regulatory domain within the C19MC enhancer.
    • Assessment of C19MC microRNA and Alu element expression in trophoblasts.
    • Evaluation of innate immune response activation and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated sensitivity to poly(I:C).

    Main Results:

    • A novel regulatory domain in the C19MC enhancer was identified.
    • Deletion of this domain led to the silencing of C19MC microRNA and Alu element expression in trophoblasts.
    • Silencing C19MC resulted in significant activation of the cellular innate immune response.
    • Trophoblasts lacking C19MC expression showed markedly increased sensitivity to poly(I:C) via TLR3 signaling.

    Conclusions:

    • C19MC non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in suppressing endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation in placental trophoblasts.
    • This study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism by which C19MC hinders excessive innate immune activation during pregnancy.
    • Dysregulation of C19MC may impact pregnancy health by altering immune homeostasis.