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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria and its correlation with pathogenesis.

Fatemeh Sadat Abolhasani1, Nasim Vaghefinanekaran2, Aref Yarahmadi3

  • 1Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gram-negative bacteria cause widespread illness. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are key virulence factors, impacting host immunity and disease, offering potential for new antimicrobial strategies.

Keywords:
gram-negative bacteriaimmune systemouter membrane vesicles (OMVs)pathogenesissecretion systemvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Gram-negative bacteria are globally prevalent pathogens causing significant mortality.
  • Bacterial pathogenesis involves complex virulence factors, with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) emerging as critical, yet understudied, contributors.
  • OMVs are bacterial components that modulate host immune responses and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in gram-negative bacterial pathogenesis.
  • To explore the interactions between OMVs and host cells.
  • To discuss the potential biomedical applications of understanding OMV function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on bacterial outer membrane vesicles.
  • Analysis of OMV composition and biogenesis.
  • Examination of OMV-host interactions and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • OMVs are significant virulence factors that contribute to disease severity and inflammation.
  • OMVs can evade host immune responses, facilitating bacterial survival and infection.
  • OMVs contain diverse bacterial molecules with varied effects on host organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Outer membrane vesicles play a crucial role in the pathogenicity of gram-negative bacteria.
  • Understanding OMV biogenesis and function is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting OMVs may offer new avenues for antimicrobial interventions and disease treatment.