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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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Macular inner retinal layers in multiple sclerosis.

Ori Zahavi1, Maria Nilsson1, Ali Manouchehrinia2

  • 1Unit of Optometry, Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Frontiers in Neurology
|April 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes thinning in inner retinal layers, particularly the nerve fiber layer (NFL), which may indicate global atrophy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) reveals these structural changes in MS patients compared to healthy controls.

Keywords:
ganglion cell-inner plexiform layerinner retinal layersmultiple sclerosisoptical coherence tomographyretinal nerve fiber layer

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
  • Retinal layer thinning is a potential indicator of neurodegeneration in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate structural changes in inner retinal layers using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in MS patients.
  • To identify the most affected retinal layer and compare changes across MS subtypes (PP, RR, SP) versus healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of OCT data from 507 MS patients and 183 HC.
  • Measurement of macular nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness.
  • Comparison of layer thickness across MS subtypes and HC, controlling for age, sex, and history of optic neuritis (ON).

Main Results:

  • All MS subgroups showed thinner NFL, especially in inferior, superior, and nasal sectors (3-20% reduction).
  • GCL thinning was observed, most notably in the SP subgroup's inner nasal sector (27.8% reduction).
  • IPL thickness was reduced in all MS subgroups; RR patients showed increased INL thickness in inner sectors.

Conclusions:

  • The macular region is a viable area for monitoring MS neurodegeneration.
  • Macular NFL thinning strongly correlates with MS and may serve as a marker for global atrophy.
  • IPL and GCL thinning patterns are similar, suggesting combined measurement potential.