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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
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A 3D-printed Sanger sequencing activity addresses student misconceptions.

Phillip E Brown1, Stefanie H Chen1,2

  • 1Biotechnology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
|April 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 3D-printed model activity to teach Sanger sequencing, enhancing student understanding of DNA sequencing processes and nucleotide functions like dNTPs and ddNTPs.

Keywords:
3D printingSanger sequencingUniversal Design for Learninghands-onmisconceptionsmodeltactile

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics Education

Background:

  • Sanger sequencing is a complex topic for students.
  • Traditional teaching methods may not fully engage learners.
  • Hands-on activities can improve comprehension of molecular biology techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a tactile learning activity for Sanger sequencing.
  • To clarify the roles of dNTPs and ddNTPs in DNA sequencing.
  • To address common student misconceptions about Sanger sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a hands-on activity using 3D-printed models.
  • Activity demonstrated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus Sanger sequencing.
  • Assessed student learning, enjoyment, and misconceptions post-activity.

Main Results:

  • Students reported high levels of learning and enjoyment.
  • The activity effectively addressed misconceptions about dNTPs, ddNTPs, primers, and fragment sizes.
  • Students suggested incorporating digital tools for further enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printed Sanger sequencing activity is an effective educational tool.
  • Tactile learning improves student comprehension and engagement in molecular biology.
  • The activity successfully targets and corrects common misconceptions in DNA sequencing.