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Problems of substance abuse: exploitation and control.

L Ray

    Social Science & Medicine (1982)
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Substance abuse is complex, with no expert consensus on drug harms. Criminalization is ineffective; alternative global strategies, including medicalization and pharmaceutical diversion, require examination.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sociology
    • Public Health
    • Criminology

    Background:

    • Disagreement exists among experts regarding the hazards and addictive properties of legal and illegal substances.
    • Cultural attitudes towards drug use vary widely, leading to a lack of social consensus on the 'drug problem'.
    • Current approaches to substance abuse control, particularly criminalization, are widely considered ineffective and counterproductive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically examine the multifaceted nature of substance abuse and control.
    • To explore alternative models for managing drug use, including medicalization and global trade regulation.
    • To consider the role of legitimate and criminal enterprises in the international trade of toxic substances.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and critical analysis of existing policies and strategies.
    • Examination of global trade dynamics in toxic substances, including both legal and illicit markets.
    • Exploration of potential alternative strategies, such as medicalization and pharmaceutical diversion.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests that criminalizing drug use and imposing harsh penalties are ineffective and counterproductive.
    • The international trade in toxic substances is dominated by powerful corporations and syndicates, complicating control efforts.
    • Existing legal controls on international trade in toxic substances have had limited success.

    Conclusions:

    • A global perspective is essential for understanding and addressing substance abuse and control, considering both legitimate and underworld operations.
    • Alternative strategies beyond criminalization, such as medicalization and regulated diversion of narcotics for pharmaceutical use, warrant further investigation.
    • Effective substance abuse control requires acknowledging the limitations of current legal frameworks and exploring innovative, localized, and global solutions.

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