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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
03:14

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Published on: January 31, 2025

253

Obstetric Anesthesia Workforce Survey: Forty-year Update.

Brenda A Bucklin1, Joy L Hawkins2, Nancy L Asdigian3

  • 1Professor Emerita of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.

Anesthesiology
|April 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetric anesthesia services have shifted, with a 50% decrease in hospitals providing obstetric care over 40 years. Increased access to neuraxial labor analgesia is key to improving maternal health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Decennial Obstetric Anesthesia Workforce Surveys track practice trends over 40 years.
  • The 2022-2023 survey gathered data from 2021 on U.S. hospital obstetric anesthesia practices.
  • Assessed changes in obstetric anesthesia services over the past decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate trends and identify areas for improvement in obstetric anesthesia practice.
  • To compare obstetric anesthesia practices in academic versus non-academic hospitals.
  • To analyze the impact of practice changes on maternal healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • A 32-question survey, building on previous iterations, was developed.
  • A stratified hospital sample (n=1,180) was selected based on birth numbers and U.S. census region.
  • Web-push survey methodology with QR codes, email, and reminders was employed; paper surveys were sent to non-responders.

Main Results:

  • 284 (24%) hospitals responded; 77% were non-academic.
  • Hospitals providing obstetric care declined by 50% over four decades.
  • Neuraxial labor analgesia was utilized in 84% of cases; spinal anesthesia for elective cesareans (85%) and neuraxial for urgent cesareans (86%).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides unique 40-year longitudinal data on obstetric anesthesia.
  • Despite stable birth rates, the number of obstetric care facilities halved.
  • Increased neuraxial analgesia access is crucial for reducing maternal mortality and healthcare disparities.