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Thyroid function in molar pregnancy.

S Nagataki, M Mizuno, S Sakamoto

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Molar pregnancy can elevate thyroid hormones (T4, T3) due to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) acting as a thyroid stimulator. Despite thyroid changes, clinical thyrotoxicosis is typically absent in these cases.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Molar pregnancy is associated with hormonal changes.
    • Thyroid hormone economy can be affected by pregnancy complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate thyroid hormone levels and function in patients with molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma.
    • To explore the relationship between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and thyroid abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed thyroid hormone (T4, T3) levels, free T4, T4 disposal rate, and urinary excretion in patients.
    • Measured serum hCG concentrations and thyroid stimulating activity using the McKenzie bioassay.
    • Evaluated pituitary response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

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    Main Results:

    • Elevated serum T4, T3, and free T4 were observed in molar pregnancy patients, correlating with hCG levels.
    • Increased T4 production rates and TRH unresponsiveness were noted, similar to thyrotoxicosis.
    • Thyroid abnormalities resolved post-mole removal; no thyroid dysfunction was found in choriocarcinoma.

    Conclusions:

    • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a related substance likely stimulates the thyroid in molar pregnancy.
    • Despite thyroid hyperfunction, clinical thyrotoxicosis is often absent due to factors like low T3/T4 ratios or limited duration.
    • Thyroid function normalizes after molar pregnancy treatment.