Brugia malayi: serum dependent cell-mediated reactions to microfilariae

Sheathed and exsheathed microfilariae of Brugia malayi are killed by normal rat cells in the presence of immune serum in vitro. Immune serum heated at 56 degrees C for 1 hour lost this activity which was largely restored by the addition of fresh normal rat serum. EDTA but not EGTA abolished this activity indicating the operation of complement by alternate pathway. Fresh normal rat serum alone promoted cellular adherence without exerting cytotoxicity to the microfilariae. The activity in the immune serum could be removed with Staphylococcus aureus cells containing Protein A or anti-IgG antiserum. The activity could also be absorbed to and eluted from Protein A--sepharose CL-4B suggesting the involvement of IgG. Neutrophils and macrophages participate in the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity phenomenon. Eosinophils while adhering to the microfilariae exert cytotoxicity only to the exsheathed parasites.