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A Mixed-Methods Cluster Randomised Waitlist-Controlled Trial of a Goal-Based Behaviour Change Intervention

Laura Kudrna1, James Yates2, Lailah Alidu1

  • 1Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Murray Learning Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

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The mental contrasting and implementation intentions intervention did not improve workplace wellbeing. Qualitative data revealed barriers like unclear differentiation and mismatched motivation to external factors.

Keywords:
behaviour changegoal settingimplementation scienceoccupational healthpsychologyworkplaces

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Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Occupational Health
  • Behavioural Science

Background:

  • Mental contrasting and implementation intentions (MCII) is a goal-based intervention.
  • Previous research indicates MCII improves health and wellbeing.
  • This study aimed to test MCII in UK workplaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of MCII in improving workplace health and wellbeing.
  • To explore barriers and facilitators to MCII implementation in a workplace setting.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in 28 UK workplaces with 225 staff.
  • Participants engaged in mental contrasting (benefits/obstacles) and implementation intentions (action planning).
  • Qualitative focus groups analysed using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW).

Main Results:

  • No significant improvement in self-reported progress towards health and wellbeing goals after four weeks (MD -0.19, 95% CrI -1.08–0.71).
  • Anxiety levels unexpectedly increased in the intervention group.
  • Potential for reduced progress among men and participants of Asian ethnicity was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The MCII intervention showed no substantive benefit for workplace wellbeing and may increase anxiety.
  • Barriers included lack of differentiation from other writing interventions, mismatch between internal motivation and external barriers, and poor timing.
  • Findings offer insights for refining future workplace health initiatives.