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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

22.9K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Radical Formation: Elimination00:51

Radical Formation: Elimination

1.6K
Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions...
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Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.2K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.2K
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

139
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
139

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Dynamic Ion-Regulated Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Surface Reconstruction.

Jinhui Hao1, Zhilin Zhang1, Zhenghao Zhang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|April 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding trace Fe3+ ions to electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) optimizes the in situ reconstructed catalytic layer, enhancing activity and reducing electrolyte concentration.

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Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Transition metal electrocatalysts are crucial for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • Their performance is highly dependent on *in situ* reconstructed catalytic layers.
  • Current methods lack rational design and screening of these *in situ* layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deliberately design the *in situ* reconstructed catalyst layer.
  • To investigate the effect of Fe3+ ions on NiCuOOH catalyst reconstruction and OER activity.
  • To provide insights into ion-catalyst correlations for efficient OER electrocatalyst design.

Main Methods:

  • Addition of trace Fe3+ ions to the electrolyte during the OER process.
  • Investigation of the NiCuOOH catalyst reconstruction mechanism.
  • Electrocatalytic activity measurements for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Main Results:

  • Fe3+ ions promote a well-defined catalytic layer with reduced oxygen vacancies.
  • This structure facilitates faster charge and active-species transfer.
  • Enhanced current density by up to 54.2% and 50% electrolyte concentration saving.

Conclusions:

  • Fe3+ ion-regulated reconstruction optimizes electronic configuration for intermediate adsorption, reducing reaction kinetics.
  • Trace Fe3+ ions significantly enhance OER performance and efficiency.
  • This study offers guidance for designing efficient OER electrocatalysts through ion-catalyst correlation.