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Sulfur and phosphorus transporters in plants: Integrating mechanisms for optimized nutrient supply
Ajey Singh1, Shubhra Khare2, Niharika1
1Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, U.P., India.
Abstract:
In recent years, advancements in molecular techniques have considerably deepened the understanding of mechanisms governing sulfur and phosphorus metabolism and transport in plants. These macronutrients play essential roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. Plants absorb sulfur and phosphorus through their roots in the form of inorganic sulfate (SO42-) and phosphate (H2PO4- or HPO42-or PO42-) ions through specialized sulfate (SULTR) and phosphate (PHT) transporter families, respectively. The molecular characterization and regulatory control of these transporter genes, along with insights into their cellular localization, offer promising strategies for improving nutrient use efficiency in crops. Additionally, plants have evolved intricate signalling networks that integrate nutrient sensing, uptake, and homeostasis, with feedback mechanisms to regulate transporter activity in response to nutrient deficiencies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying distribution, functional dynamics, and regulatory pathways for sulfur and phosphorus transporters in plants. It also highlights their crucial role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses, emphasizing their integration with stress signalling networks. Furthermore, the critical role of phytohormones in coordinating sulfur and phosphorus homeostasis to enhance abiotic stress tolerance is critically described.
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