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The modulation of cognitive load on speech normalization: A neurophysiological perspective.

Kaile Zhang1, Gang Peng1

  • 1The Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, The Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.

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Cognitive load impacts how we adapt to speech variations using context cues. While behaviorally unaffected, neural activity shows significant changes, highlighting the active nature of speech perception under distraction.

Keywords:
Cognitive loadContext cuesERPExtrinsic normalizationSpeech variability

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • Extrinsic normalization allows listeners to adapt to speech variability using context cues for perceptual constancy.
  • Ubiquitous distractions in daily communication raise questions about cognitive load's influence on cortical speech processing.
  • Understanding cognitive load's effect on normalization is crucial for explaining real-world speech comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cognitive load modulates extrinsic normalization at the cortical level using electroencephalography (EEG).
  • To examine the neural correlates of extrinsic normalization and the impact of dual-task conditions on this process.

Main Methods:

  • Native Cantonese speakers performed a tone perception task with context cues under single- and dual-task conditions.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity during the tasks.
  • Behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) like P2, N400, and Late ફેர்டில்లైజేషన్ (LFN) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral performance in extrinsic normalization was not significantly hindered by the secondary task (cognitive load).
  • EEG data revealed significant modulations in extrinsic normalization under cognitive load, affecting P2, N400, and LFN components.
  • Smaller P2, larger N400, and larger LFN amplitudes indicated cognitive load's influence on phonological processing, lexical retrieval, and decision-making stages.

Conclusions:

  • Extrinsic normalization involves multiple perceptual adjustments across phonological, lexical, and decision-making stages.
  • Cognitive load actively modulates extrinsic normalization at these distinct processing stages.
  • The findings highlight the controlled and resource-dependent nature of speech adaptation under cognitive demands.