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Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, Food Security, and Nutrition: Evolving Relationships and Critical Challenges
Jessica Fanzo1, Bianca Carducci1, Jochebed Louis-Jean1
1The Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;
Annual Review of Nutrition
|April 16, 2025
Summary
Climate change significantly impacts global food security and nutrition, especially for vulnerable populations. Addressing these complex challenges requires integrating nutrition into climate adaptation strategies and filling critical data gaps through collaboration.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Public Health
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- Climate change, or global warming, presents multifaceted risks globally.
- Compounding climate changes exacerbate risks across all regions.
- Climate change negatively affects food security, diets, and nutrition through interconnected systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the challenges in measuring climate-attributable malnutrition, particularly in vulnerable groups.
- To underscore the detrimental associations between climate changes and dietary/nutrition outcomes, especially undernutrition.
- To emphasize the need for integrating nutrition into climate adaptation planning.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of modeled, projected, and observed climate changes across geographies.
- Assessment of climate change impacts on dietary and nutrition outcomes.
- Identification of challenges faced by vulnerable populations in adapting to climate risks.
Main Results:
- Climate change shows detrimental associations with dietary and nutrition outcomes, notably undernutrition.
- Vulnerable populations face significant challenges adapting to climate change impacts.
- Measuring climate-attributable malnutrition remains a complex issue.
Conclusions:
- Robust collaboration between climate and nutrition experts is crucial.
- Integrating nutrition into climate adaptation plans is essential for mitigating risks.
- Filling data gaps is critical for informed joint decision-making on climate and nutrition.
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