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An Allelotyping PCR for Identifying Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium
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Nontyphoidal Salmonella pyomyositis and osteomyelitis in a healthy infant

Matthew Penfold1,2, Margaret Hasler3, Elizabeth Rahman3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Centre, Bethesda, Maryland, USA matthew.d.penfold.mil@health.mil.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Nontyphoidal Salmonella can cause rare, severe bone and muscle infections in infants after gastroenteritis. Prompt surgical and antibiotic treatment is crucial for recovery from these invasive Salmonella infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections are common gastrointestinal illnesses.
  • Osteoarticular infections with Salmonella are rare, especially in immunocompetent infants.
  • Gastroenteritis can precede invasive Salmonella infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella osteoarticular infection in an infant.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and management challenges of Salmonella-related musculoskeletal complications.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering invasive Salmonella in infants with post-gastroenteritis musculoskeletal symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a healthy infant with pseudoparalysis and fever.
  • Diagnostic imaging including MRI to identify osteomyelitis and abscess.
  • Treatment involved surgical irrigation and debridement, followed by parenteral antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • The infant developed pyomyositis and subsequently osteomyelitis with an abscess.
  • Successful management with surgical intervention and a 6-week antibiotic course.
  • The causative agent was identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infections can lead to severe osteoarticular complications in infants.
  • Early recognition and aggressive management, including surgery and antibiotics, are vital.
  • Musculoskeletal complaints in children post-Salmonella gastroenteritis warrant thorough investigation for invasive disease.

Keywords:
Bone and joint infectionsInfectious diseasesPaediatricsSalmonella

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