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Microbiome Comparison and Pathogen Identification for Three Migrating Passerines Captured During Spring Season in

Nisreen Al-Hmoud1,2, Mu'men Alrwashdeh1, Fares Khoury3

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Migratory birds in Jordan carry potentially harmful bacteria. This study analyzed gut microbiomes of three passerine species, finding diverse bacteria and several pathogens, highlighting public health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Ornithology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Migratory birds are vital to ecosystems but their gut microbiomes are understudied.
  • Gut microbes offer insights into bird diet, behavior, and pathogen transmission.
  • Jordan's location makes it a key stopover for migratory birds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the gut microbiome composition of three migratory passerine species in Jordan.
  • To assess bacterial diversity and variation within and between species.
  • To identify potential pathogens posing risks to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Fecal samples from 59 migratory birds (willow warblers, lesser whitethroats, common reed warblers) were collected in Jordan.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbiome analysis were performed.
  • Bacterial diversity, richness, and pathogenic genera were identified.

Main Results:

  • Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phyla.
  • Lesser whitethroats exhibited greater bacterial genus richness and diversity.
  • Pathogenic genera including Campylobacter, Enterococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Migratory birds in Jordan harbor diverse gut bacteria, including potential human and animal pathogens.
  • Lesser whitethroats show higher microbiome variability.
  • Further research is needed to link migratory behavior to gut microbiome and assess public health implications.