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[Formula: see text] Neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric MOGAD: clinical practice and future research
Sarah Rudebeck1, Michael Eyre2, Ming Lim2
1Department of Neuropsychology, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
Insights
Children with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disorder (MOGAD) may experience cognitive impairments. Early monitoring is crucial for managing these challenges and supporting academic success in pediatric MOGAD patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Pediatric Neurology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disorder (MOGAD) is a demyelinating condition impacting children and adults.
- The cognitive impact of MOGAD in pediatric populations is not well understood but has significant long-term implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on cognitive outcomes in children diagnosed with MOGAD.
- To identify specific cognitive domains affected and factors influencing these deficits.
Main Methods:
- A systematic PubMed search was performed for English-language studies.
- Included studies assessed cognition in individuals under 18 with MOGAD using neuropsychological tests, screening tools, or questionnaires.
Main Results:
- Children with MOGAD, especially those with Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) phenotypes, often show impairments in intellectual functioning, memory, processing speed, and working memory.
- Cognitive deficits can be linked to disease relapses and may evolve over time; brain lesion load does not consistently correlate with cognitive outcomes.
- Some pediatric patients may retain normal cognitive function.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric MOGAD patients are at risk for cognitive impairments, necessitating regular neuropsychological monitoring for early identification and intervention.
- Further multicenter, multinational research is required to elucidate the comprehensive cognitive profile and the influence of disease variables in pediatric MOGAD.
Abstract:
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disorder (MOGAD) is a recently identified demyelinating condition affecting children and adults. Its impact on children's cognitive outcomes remains poorly understood but is a growing area of interest due to potential long-term implications. A systematic PubMed search was conducted to identify English-language studies that assessed cognition in individuals under 18 with MOGAD using neuropsychological tests, screening tools, or questionnaires. Children with MOGAD, particularly those with phenotypes such as AcuteDisseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and Neuromyelitis Optica SpectrumDisorder (NMOSD), often exhibit impairments in intellectual functioning, memory, processing speed, and working memory. However, some children maintain cognitive performance within the normal range. Cognitive difficulties are linked to disease relapses and may develop over time, although brain lesions do not consistently correlate with cognitive outcomes. Current studies, limited by small sample sizes, indicate that children with MOGAD are at risk for cognitive impairments. Regular neuropsychological monitoring is essential for pediatric MOGADpatients to identify and address cognitive challenges early, mitigating risks of academic and occupational underachievement. Multicentre multinational studies are needed to understand the cognitive profile of MOGAD better and assess the influence of disease-related variables on cognitive outcomes.
