Factors associated with antibiotic use patterns in Thailand after COVID-19

The misuse of antibiotics has become a significant problem in Thailand and was particularly exacerbated after the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased access to antibiotics during the pandemic has led to a heightened risk of irrational antibiotic use. This study aimed to analyze the relationships and identify factors associated with antibiotic usage behavior among the Thai population. To examine the factors influencing antibiotic use behavior in Thailand post-COVID-19 and to provide recommendations for targeted interventions. This study utilized secondary data from the 2021 health and welfare survey conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand. A total sample of 25,833 individuals was analyzed using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for covariates including demographic factors, health status, and healthcare utilization patterns. The key factors influencing antibiotic use included experiencing illness (adjusted OR: 6.74, 95% CI: 6.11-7.44), sustaining injuries from accidents (adjusted OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 2.19-3.67), receiving dental care (adjusted OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.25-1.66), and illness without hospital admission (adjusted OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23-2.10). Additionally, knowledge of antibiotic use was significantly associated with antibiotic use behavior, with those having low knowledge showing higher odds of antibiotic use compared to those with high knowledge (adjusted OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 2.32-3.27). The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address inappropriate antibiotic use. The government and relevant agencies should promote health awareness and literacy, develop effective medication, and implement stricter regulations to minimize the adverse effects of antibiotic misuse. Enhanced public education and ensuring access to accurate information from healthcare professionals are essential for mitigating the threat of antimicrobial resistance in Thailand.