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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Pre-Embedded Potassium Acetate-Modified SnO₂ Electron Transfer Layer for Efficient and Durable Perovskite Solar

Lina Qin¹, Mengfei Zhu¹, Min Zhang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Intelligent Manufacturing of New Energy Materials and Devices, Tianchang New Materials and Energy Technology Research Center, Institute of Green Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China.

|April 17, 2025

Summary

This study introduces potassium acetate (KAc) in tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This defect passivation strategy enhances device efficiency and long-term stability.

Keywords:

SnO2 electron transport layer crystalline and interfacial engineering highly conductive buffer layer multifunctional potassium acetate (KAc) additive organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Nanotechnology

Background:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show high potential but face efficiency and stability challenges.
Lattice defects and interfacial recombination limit power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device lifespan.
Electron transport layers (ETLs) play a crucial role in PSC performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
To passivate defects at the perovskite/ETL interface.
To develop a scalable method for enhancing PSC performance.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of multifunctional potassium acetate (KAc) into SnO2 ETL.
Utilizing thermal diffusion of K+ and CH3COO- ions during annealing for defect passivation.
Characterization of KAc-SnO2 ETL for uniformity, defect density, and conductivity.

Main Results:

KAc-SnO2 ETL exhibited enhanced uniformity, reduced defect density, and improved conductivity.
Optimized PSC achieved a PCE of 21.76%, a 14% relative increase from the control device (19.16%).
The device retained 88.9% of its initial PCE after 1000 hours of operation.

Conclusions:

Multifunctional KAc incorporation effectively passivates defects in SnO2 ETLs for PSCs.
The enhanced ETL promotes better interfacial charge transfer, boosting device efficiency and stability.
This approach offers a promising route for the scalable manufacturing of high-performance perovskite solar cells.