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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
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An Update: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications.

Thomas Bayer1, Shuke Wu2, Radka Snajdrova3

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 17, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biocatalysis offers sustainable and scalable enzyme-based manufacturing for complex molecules like peptides and sugars. Emerging enzymes promise wider industrial use in plastic depolymerization and synthesis.

Keywords:
BiocatalysisEnzyme catalysisIndustrial catalysisOrganic synthesisStereoselectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering
  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Industrial Biotechnology

Background:

  • Chemical catalysis faces limitations in sustainability, scalability, and cost-competitiveness.
  • Technological advancements have propelled biocatalysis as a viable alternative.
  • Enzymes offer precise control for complex molecule synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent enzyme-based manufacturing of complex molecules at commercial scale.
  • To highlight novel enzyme classes and their industrial applications.
  • To showcase the diversification and broader utilization of biocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on industrial biocatalysis.
  • Identification of enzyme-based solutions for manufacturing specific molecule classes.
  • Analysis of emerging enzyme classes and their potential applications.

Main Results:

  • Successful commercial-scale enzyme applications for peptide building blocks, rare sugars, synthetic oligonucleotides, and terpenoids (e.g., (-)-Ambrox®).
  • Identification of novel enzymes for DNA/RNA synthesis, plastic depolymerization, and enzymatic protection/deprotection schemes.
  • Demonstration of biocatalysis as a sustainable, scalable, and cost-competitive approach.

Conclusions:

  • Biocatalysis is a mature technology for industrial-scale synthesis of complex molecules.
  • Novel enzymes are expanding the scope of biocatalysis into new areas like plastic recycling and advanced synthesis.
  • The trend points toward increased diversification and industrial adoption of biocatalysis-based processes.