Food scarcity and decrease in income are associated with depression after COVID-19 pandemic in rural settings

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Mental Health Research
• Epidemiology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound and lasting effects on global mental health.
• Rural populations often face unique challenges in accessing healthcare, including mental health services.
• Understanding the specific mental health burden in rural India post-COVID-19 is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the association between COVID-19 and mental health outcomes in rural Central India.
• To evaluate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in affected families.
• To identify socioeconomic factors contributing to mental distress.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 18 villages of Durg District, Chhattisgarh.
• Validated instruments including GAD-7, PHQ-9, and IES-R were used for assessment.
• Data was collected from 431 participants with at least one family member affected by COVID-19.

Main Results:

• Symptoms of distress, anxiety, and depression were observed in 26.2%, 14.8%, and 11.8% of participants, respectively.
• Family member death due to COVID-19 and out-of-pocket expenditure were significantly associated with higher mental distress.
• Reduced income was linked to depression (OR=2.066), and education, smoking, and expenditure were associated with PTSD symptoms.

Conclusions:

• Socioeconomic factors such as income stability and food security remain critical for mental health outcomes one year post-pandemic.
• Targeted mental health resources and financial support are essential for individuals experiencing food and financial insecurity.
• Interventions should address the long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 in vulnerable rural populations.